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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Spearfish Formation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Spearfish Formation The Spearfish Formation is a geologic formation, originally described from the Black Hills region of South Dakota, United States, but also recognised in North Dakota, Wyoming, Montana and Nebraska. It is a heterogeneous red bed formation, commonly with siltstone and gypsum low in the formation and sandstone and shale higher up.〔Karner, F. R. and R. L. Patelke. 1989. General geology of the Black Hills and Bear Lodge Mountains. Pages 7-20 in Karner, F. R., editor. Volcanism and plutonism of Western North America: Devils Tower-Black Hills alkalic igneous rocks and general geology. Field trip T131 in Hanshaw, P. M., editor. Field trips for the 28th international geological congress. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.〕 Other rock types include claystone, conglomerate, dolomite, and oil shale.〔Sabel, J. M. 1984. Sedimentology and depositional history of the Permo-Triassic Spearfish Formation, southwestern Black Hills, South Dakota. Pages 295-307 in Goolsby, J. and D. Morton, editors. The Permian and Pennsylvanian geology of Wyoming. Wyoming Geological Association, Casper, WY. Guidebook 35.〕 It is typically regarded as Permian–Triassic in age,〔 although its original description〔Darton, N. H. 1899. Jurassic formations of the Black Hills of South Dakota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 10:383-396.〕 included Jurassic rocks.〔Richardson, G. B. 1903. The upper red beds of the Black Hills. Journal of Geology 11:365-393.〕 The Spearfish Formation is interpreted as representing shallow marine to coastal terrestrial deposition, like the modern Persian Gulf.〔Sabel, J. M. 1983. Sedimentology of Spearfish Formation. AAPG Bulletin 67(3):543-544.〕 Depositional environments may have included restricted marine bodies and ephemeral lakes (gypsum), hypersaline waters (limestone), hypersaline microbial mats (oil shale), and sabkhas (dolomite). The marine waters of the shallow continental sea retreated during the deposition of the formation, reflected in a change from dominantly nearshore marine to coastal terrestrial deposition over time.〔 The Spearfish Formation is sparsely fossiliferous. So far, only stromatolites, casts of bivalves, and trace fossils have been found.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spearfish Formation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.